1st Fighter Group History

1945

Originally compiled by SSgt John DesHetler, 1st Fighter Wing History Office, Langley AFB, VA
edited by Pete Bartos, using Mullins' "An Escort of P-38's," Gray diary, Richard diary, Hoffman diary, and Graham 1st FG MACR compilation

 1943  
Jan 45 The Group flew three bomber escort missions and 18 photo escort missions.
8 Jan 45 The Group moved from Lucera to Vincenzo airfields.
16 Jan 45 The Group received secret orders for an operation which turned out to be an escort mission for heads of state involved in the Yalta Conference, dubbed Operation ARGONAUT. The trip covered three continents and 16,000 miles. Lt Fred McKloskey, 27th FS, was killed in action, and Lt John M. Broderick, 71st FS, was killed when he crashed into a mountain near Ancona, Italy (MACR# 15795)
20 Jan 45 Lt Lavon Taylor, 27th FS, was killed in action.
21 Jan 45

On a photo recon mission over Stuttgart, Flight Officer Thomas R. Graffam, a 94th pilot, was shot down on his first or second mission by anti-aircraft gunfire. Damaged initially, on the return back he was hit again near Venice. His plane went down in the Adriatic and F/O Graffam died swimming with his chute (Germans were approaching). On the same mission, Lt James H. Hutchinson, Jr. from the 94th and Lt Robert Carrothers, 27th FS, were reported missing in action. The group ceased flying local combat missions until Operation ARGONAUT was completed.

MACR #
A/C Type
Serial #
Group Squadron
Notes
  11538   P-38J   42-67898
1st FG
27
  Lt Carrothers, KIA, Italy
  11748   P-38L   44-25039
1st FG
94
Lt James H. Hutchinson, Jr, MIA, Prague, Czech
19 Feb 45 The Group completed Operation ARGONAUT, escorting President Roosevelt to Yalta, Russia.
1 Mar 45

Lt Frank T. McHugh, 27th FS killed in action near Vienna.

MACR #
Date
A/C Type
Serial #
Group
Squadron
Notes
  12520
 3/1/1945
  P-38J
  42-104222
  1st FG
27th
Vienna, Austria, Lt McHugh, FOD
4 Mar 45 Lt Col Charles W. Thaxton missing during mission to Hungary (sheltered by Yugoslav partisans, returned Apr 45 to command group)
8-26 Mar During one of the busiest flying periods in unit history so far the group flew 16 heavy bomber escort missions plus seven dive bomb/strafing missions to Austria, Germany and Yugoslavia. The group obtained P-38L models by this time, equipped with rear warning radar.
9 Mar 45 Lt John Felsinger of the 94th died when he pulled out too low over a bomb blast on a bridge over the Mur River, Knittlefeld, Austria.
14 Mar 45 The rear warning radar proved invaluable when a P-38 in the tail end of a formation avoided an attack from the German jet.
18 Mar 45

Maj Paul Ash, 27th FS, missing in action. Lt Steve Dostal, 71st FS, shot down over Yugoslavia and listed as missing in action. Lt Dostal eventually returned to the unit with a very interesting story.

MACR #
Date
A/C Type
Serial #
Group
Squadron
Notes
 13064
 3/18/1945 (16th?)
 P-38L
 43-28481
 1st FG
71
Dostal, MIA, returned
 13063

 3/18/1945 (16th?)

 P-38L
 44-24398
 1st FG
27
Ash, MIA, returned
March 45 Mr. Harold Tittmann, assistant to President Roosevelt's representative to the Vatican and 94th alumni from WWI visited the group
25 Mar 45 The group strafed an area between Regensberg and Nuremberg, hitting railroad stock protected by train mounted anti aircraft guns called flak cars. Lt. J. H.Tappan, 27 FS; P 38 L 44-24387, crashed near Pommelsbrunn and was killed in action (MACR# 13257).
31 Mar 45

During a fighter sweep in the Vienna area Col Arthur C. Agan, the group C.O. flew in a mission where the 94th and 71st ended up separated between cloud layers. When the aircraft dove through a hole in the clouds near the Russian front lines, a hail of antiaircraft gunfire awaited them. Colonel Agan and Lt. Rolla G. Gillen both were hit. With his plane on fire the Colonel bailed out over German front line trenches and taken prisoner. Eventually he reunited with member of the Group in May (1945). Lt R. G. Gillen, 94th, was killed in action. Two more P-38s were hit but one managed to return to base. Lt Norman Crawford, 71st, piloted the second damaged aircraft and last seen heading into the Russian lines. He eventually returned at the end of April.

The 27th shot down a FW 190 and an He-111 in addition to destroying a large amount of railroad stock. This occurred at the expense of two of their pilots, Lt Cary Hendrix and Lt Edgar Coury, the latter from anti aircraft and the former during the Heinkel chase. The day resulted in a loss of five during a month where 10 total aircrews were lost.

MACR #
Date
A/C Type
Serial #
Group
Squadron
Notes
  13484  3/31/1945   P-38L   44-24053   1st FG
27
Hendrix, MIA
  13482  3/31/1945   P-38L   44-24183   1st FG
27
Coury, KIA
  13480  3/31/1945   P-38L   44-24382   1st FG
  HQ
Agan, POW
  13481  3/31/1945   P-38L   44-24420   1st FG
  71
Crawford, MIA after crash in Pecs, Hungary. Picked up by Russians, returned late April
  13479  3/31/1945   P-38L   44-24654   1st FG
  94
Gillen, MIA
April 45 The last full month of the war and the busiest, operationally, for the group for the whole war. 14 dive bombing, twelve bomber escorts some concurrently on the same day, two fighter sweeps, and 29 photo escorts. P-80 jet fighters secretly join 1st Fighter Group at Lake Lessina. Maj Ed LaClare flies two sorties in P-80.
5 Apr 45

Lt Gerald Isbell, 71st FS, was killed in action in Italy.

MACR #
Date
A/C Type
Serial #
Group
Squadron
13647  4/5/1945  P-38J 42-104405  1st FG 71st
6 Apr 45 A dive bombing mission to southern Germany resulted in a difficult struggle against the weather conditions as severe cloud conditions and snow forced the flight to jettison its bombs and return home
7 Apr 45 A repeat of the mission scratched yesterday resulted in another jettison of muntions when the clouds refused to break up under an altitude of 2,000 feet.
8 Apr 45 Multiple bridges spanned the valley where the P-38s went to bomb however, disagreement arose on which bridge to hit.
9 Apr 45 After three days of bad weather and uncertainty the group finally hit their mar, the Seefeld bridge. Another Me 262 jet was encountered without event to either side.
11 Apr 45 Lt Col Thaxton returned to assume command of the Group from Col Milton Ashkins for a brief time, just over two weeks until he required hospitalization, then Askins resumed the command on April 28th
14 Apr 45 One of the many escort missions flown this month occurred
15 Apr 45

A force of 32 P-38s escorted B-17s to Bologna, Italy in support of the U.S. 5th Army offensive in Northern Italy. During the milk run, the B-17s devastated the enemy ground troops and did much to aid the allied armies.

A second force of P-38s strafed rail lines in Southern Germany, specifically in Regensburg-Salzburg-Munich. After splitting up in squadron size formations., the 71st went to Lake Chiem toward Munich, the 94th went to Regensburg south toward Landshut, and the 27th strafed from Regensburg southeast parallel with the Danube toward Passaau. In addition to the multitude of ground targets either damaged or destroyed, the group also claimed an aerial victory over an FW-190.

Unfortunately, Five pilots did not return from this mission including all three squadron leaders. However one did survive - Capt Everett S. Lindley the 94th squadron and mission leader. The four fatalities consisted of Cpt Chester Trout, 27th leader, hit by flak just west of Passau and crashed in flames, Major Joseph Elliot, the 71st leader, also hit by anti aircraft fire, crashed at Feldkirchen east of Munich and was killed. Lt Edward Brickly, 27th FS, and Lt George McGrew, 71st, were both hit by flak, and were killed in ensuing crashes.

MACR #
Date
A/C Type
Serial #
Group
Squadron
Notes
13799  4/15/1945  P-38  44-24132
1st FG
94 Regensburg, Germany, Lt Lindley, POW
 13802  4/15/1945  P-38L  44-24190
1st FG
71 Munich, Germany, Lt McGrew, KIA
 13801  4/15/1945  P-38L  44-24632
1st FG
27 Trout, MIA
 13797  4/15/1945  P-38L  44-25698
1st FG
27 Regensburg, Germany, Brickley, MIA
 13800  4/15/1945  P-38L  44-25734
1st FG
71 Munich, Germany, Elliott, KIA
20 Apr 45 The Group targeted the Innsbruck area in a dive bombing/strafing mission.
21 Apr 45 The group hit the Munich area
22 Apr 45 Continuing missions advancing to the Po Valley
23 Apr 45

During this day's mission attacking targets of opportunity in northern Italy, Captain Larry Reynolds, 27th squadron leader and Captain John Hurst, flight leader, were both struck by flak and successfully bailed out. Both were on their second tour of duty with the 1st FG. The 71st leader, Cpt Clarence Knapp died when his aircraft was hit in the left wing at an altitude of only 50 feet, burst into flames, flipped over and dove in (wingman Steve Dostal's account on his first mission after rejoining the unit).

MACR #
Date
A/C Type
Serial #
Group
Squadron
Notes
 14034  4/23/1945  P-38  44-24202  1st FG 27 Verona, Italy, Knapp MIA (KIA)
 14032  4/23/1945  P-38  44-24379  1st FG 27 Padova, Italy, Hurst
 14033  4/23/1945  P-38  44-24383  1st FG 27 Padova, Italy, Reynolds, Returned
6 May 45 Five P-38s of the 27th escorted two Halifax aircraft of the RAF to Yugoslavia to drop supplies in the mountains west of Celje. Despite subsequent events in preparation of possible action in the Pacific theater, this turned out to be the last combat mission flown in WWII by the 1st Fighter Group.
7 May 45 A training program devised to educate pilots on Japanese aircraft recognition began.
26 Jul 45 During a navigational training flight Lt George McGinnis, 27th FS, died in a crash from a 1500 ft dive into the Po River.
Aug 45 The group flew all its remaining P-38s to Bari for salvage. For a brief period pilots of the Group flew war weary B-25s to transport high ranking Army personnel from remote locations in Northern Italy to Naples for redeployment into the States.
6 Aug 45 Hiroshima and Nagasaki hit with atomic bombs eventually ending WWII altogether.
18 Sep 45 94th Squadron deactivated while located at Caserta, near Naples.
16 Oct 45 The 1st Fighter Group was deactivated, ending 36 continuous years of service.
3 Jul 47 The 1st Fighter Group was reactivated along with all three squadrons using the personnel and assets of the inactivated 412th Fighter Group at March Field and becoming the only operational jet fighter outfit in the army air corps.
Sept 47 USAF established
1952 1st Fighter Inactivated
1955 1st Fighter Reactivated
1961 1st Fighter Inactivated
1970 General Momyer reactivated the 1st Fighter and the squadrons were chosen in a shootout.